# Loan Program Basics

Mortgage loan programs refer to the different types of mortgage loans available to borrowers, each with its own set of requirements, features, and benefits. Here are some of the most common mortgage loan programs:

1. Conventional Loans: These are mortgage loans that are not guaranteed or insured by the government but are backed by private lenders. They typically require a down payment of at least 3% and have stricter credit and income requirements compared to other loan programs.
2. FHA Loans: These are mortgage loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). They offer low down payment options, typically around 3.5%, and have more relaxed credit and income requirements compared to conventional loans.
3. VA Loans: These are mortgage loans that are guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and are available to eligible military service members, veterans, and their families. They offer 100% financing and have more relaxed credit and income requirements compared to conventional loans.
4. USDA Loans: These are mortgage loans that are guaranteed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and are available to eligible rural and suburban homebuyers. They offer 100% financing and have more relaxed credit and income requirements compared to conventional loans.
5. Portfolio Loans: These mortgages are not sold to investors on the secondary market but are held in the lender's portfolio for the duration of the loan.
6. Jumbo Loans: These are mortgage loans that exceed the conforming loan limits set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They are designed for high-value properties and typically have stricter credit and income requirements compared to other loan programs.
7. Bridge Loans: A bridge loan is a type of short-term financing that is used to bridge the gap between two financial transactions, typically the buying of a new property and the selling of an existing property. Bridge loans are typically used by borrowers who need to quickly access capital to purchase a new property but have not yet sold their current property and therefore do not have the necessary funds to purchase the new property outright.
8. Fixed-Rate Loans: These are mortgage loans that have a fixed interest rate and monthly payment for the entire loan term, typically 15 or 30 years. They provide stability and predictability, making budgeting easier for borrowers.
9. Adjustable-Rate Loans: These are mortgage loans that have an initial fixed interest rate and monthly payment, but the rate and payment may change periodically over the loan term. They offer lower initial rates and payments but can be riskier if rates rise significantly.
10. Interest-Only Loans: These are mortgage loans where the borrower only pays the interest on the loan for a certain period of time, typically 5 to 10 years, before starting to pay down the principal. They offer lower initial payments but can be riskier in the long run as the monthly payment increases when the principal payment kicks in.
11. Balloon Loans: These are mortgage loans that have a lower monthly payment and a shorter loan term, typically 5 to 7 years, with a large payment due at the end of the term. They can be risky if the borrower cannot make a large payment at the end of the term and are not widely used today.

These are some of the most common mortgage loan programs, and each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. It's important for borrowers to evaluate their options carefully and choose the program that best fits their needs and financial situation.
